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|place = Iraq |casus = Kurdish Insurgency in Northern Iraq |result = Insurgency weakened but not quelled *Destruction of 4,500 villages and massacre of civilian population |combatant1 = Ba'athist Iraq |combatant2 = KDP PUK |commander1 = Saddam Hussein Ali Hassan al-Majid Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Hussein Rashid al-Tikriti Farhan Jubouri Saber Abdel Aziz al-Douri Taher Tawfiq al-Ani Ayad Abbas Al-Nassri Wafiq Al-Samarrai |commander2 = Massoud Barzani Jalal Talabani |strength1 = 200,000 |strength2 = 3,500 |units1 = 1st Corps 5th Corps National Defense Battalions |casualties3 = 50,000 – 100,000 civilians killed〔 |notes = }} The al-Anfal Campaign (Harakat al-Anfal/Homleh al-Anfal) ((クルド語:پڕۆسەی ئەنفال)) ((アラビア語:حملة الأنفال)), also known as the Kurdish Genocide,〔Totten, Samuel. Dictionary of Genocide: A-L. ABC-CLIO, 2008 "Kurdish Genocide in Northern Iraq, (U.S. Response to). Well aware of the genocidal Al-Anfal campaign waged against the Kurds in northern Iraq by Iraqi president Saddam Hussein." p 252〕 Operation Anfal or simply Anfal, was a genocidal campaign against the Kurdish people (and other non-Arab populations) in northern Iraq, led by the Ba'athist Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and headed by Ali Hassan al-Majid in the final stages of Iran–Iraq War. The campaign takes its name from Surat al-Anfal in the Qur'an, which was used as a code name by the former Iraqi Baathist government for a series of systematic attacks against the Kurdish population of northern Iraq, conducted between 1986 and 1989 and culminating in 1988. The campaign also targeted other minority communities in Iraq including Assyrians, Shabaks, Iraqi Turkmens, Yazidis, Mandeans, and many villages belonging to these ethnic groups were also destroyed. Sweden, Norway and the United Kingdom officially recognize the Anfal campaign as genocide. On December 5, 2012, Swedish parliament Riksdag adopted a resolution by the Green party to officially recognize Anfal as genocide. The resolution was passed by all 349 members of parliament. On February 28, 2013, British House of Commons formally recognized the Anfal as genocide following a campaign led by Conservative MP Nadhim Zahawi. ==Name== Al-Anfal is the eighth sura or chapter of the Qur'an which explains the triumph of 313 followers of the new Muslim faith over almost 900 pagans at the Battle of Badr in 624 AD. Al Anfal literally means ''the spoils (of war)'' and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by Ali Hassan al-Majid. His orders informed ''jash'' (literally "donkey's foal" in Kurdish) units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even Kurdish women was legal.〔Jonathan C. Randal, ''After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan'', 356 pp., Westview Press, 1998, ISBN 0-8133-3580-9, p.231〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Anfal Campaign」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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